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OKEN Transit Research Lab
Massachusetts High-Frequency Transit & Bus Bunching Observatory

Building More Frequent, Reliable and Sustainable Public Transportation Through Data

OKEN Transit Research Lab uses urban analytics, GIS, GTFS data, corridor scheduling, transit modeling and visualization to investigate how public transportation agencies can improve frequency, reliability, accessibility and ridership through better coordination of existing transportation resources.

Current Study · June–August 2026

Are Massachusetts Regional Transit Authorities Reducing Bus Bunching?

A three-agency corridor comparison using WRTA, PVTA and LRTA.

Explore the Study
2
Agencies Studied
5
Corridors Analyzed
4
GTFS Datasets
3
Analysis Dates
9
Routes Evaluated
8
Research Reports
Featured Research

Three-Agency Research Program

PROJECT 01ANALYSIS IN PROGRESS

Worcester High-Frequency Corridor Research

Flagship Research Project

Corridor Identification → Scheduled Service Analysis → Bunching Analysis → Coordinated Scheduling → Ridership Modeling → Accessibility Analysis → Sustainability Impact

Explore WRTA Research →
PROJECT 02PROPOSED

Pioneer Valley Corridor Benchmark Study

Comparative Research

Evaluate selected PVTA corridors using the same analytical framework applied to Worcester and determine whether schedule coordination produces more consistent service.

View PVTA Study →
PROJECT 03PROPOSED

Lowell Corridor Frequency & Bunching Study

Comparative Research

Evaluate overlapping Lowell routes and determine the extent to which scheduled bus arrivals produce coordinated service or bunching.

View LRTA Study →
Current Flagship Study

Massachusetts Three-Agency Bus Bunching Comparative Study

WRTA vs PVTA vs LRTA

Research question: How consistently are buses scheduled along shared transit corridors, and which of the three Massachusetts transit systems demonstrates the strongest progress toward coordinated high-frequency corridor service?

WRTA

PRELIMINARY FINDING

Worcester Regional Transit Authority

Analysis runs
8
Avg headway
13.7 min
Headway CV
0.62
Bunching events
4
Bunching Index
22
Regularity Score
78
Open project →

PVTA

PRELIMINARY FINDING

Pioneer Valley Transit Authority

Analysis runs
1
Avg headway
9.1 min
Headway CV
0.46
Bunching events
4
Bunching Index
14
Regularity Score
86
Open project →

LRTA

PROPOSED

Lowell Regional Transit Authority

Analysis Pending — Awaiting GTFS Data
Open project →

Study dates: 2026-06-26 · 2026-07-31 · 2026-08-21 — rankings require equivalent analysis periods across agencies.